An operator may be a reserved word or a character which is used primarily in an SQL statement's WHERE clause to perform different operation(s), such as comparisons and arithmetic operations etc.
The symbols which are used to perform logical and mathematical operations in SQL are called SQL operators.
SQL consists mainly three type of Operators which are ase listed below.
Let's Assume two Variables 'variable a' holds 50 and 'variable b' holds 100, then perform arithmetic operators-
Example:
| Operators | Descriptions | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| + | It is used to add containing values of both operands | a+b = 150 |
| - | It subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand | a-b = -50 |
| * | It multiply both operand's values | a*b = 5000 |
| / | It divides left hand operand by right hand operand | b/a = 2 |
| % | It divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns reminder | b%a = 0 |
An operator which perfoms comparison operation over the two to more operands is called Comparison Operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Examine both operands value that are equal or not,if yes condition become true. | (a=b) is not true |
| != | This is used to check the value of both operands equal or not,if not condition become true. | (a!=b) is true |
| < > | Examines the operand's value equal or not, if values are not equal condition is true | (a<>b) is true |
| > | Examine the left operand value is greater than right Operand, if yes condition becomes true | (a>b) is not true |
| < | Examines the left operand value is less than right Operand, if yes condition becomes true | (a<b) is true |
| >= | Examines that the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand or not,if yes condition become true | (a>=b) is not true |
| <= | Examines that the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand or not, if yes condition becomes true | (a<=b) is true |
| !< | Examines that the left operand value is not less than the right operand value | (a!<b) is not true |
| !> | Examines that the value of left operand is not greater than the value of right operand | (a!>b) is true |
Logical operators in SQL are used to perform logical operations on the given expressions in SQL statements.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| ALL | TRUE if all of the subquery values meet the condition |
| AND | TRUE if all the conditions separated by AND is TRUE |
| ANY | TRUE if any of the subquery values meet the condition |
| BETWEEN | TRUE if the operand is within the range of comparisons |
| EXISTS | TRUE if the subquery returns one or more records |
| IN | TRUE if the operand is equal to one of a list of expressions |
| LIKE | TRUE if the operand matches a pattern |
| NOT | Displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE |
| OR | TRUE if any of the conditions separated by OR is TRUE |
| SOME | TRUE if any of the subquery values meet the condition |
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| += | Add equals |
| -= | Subtract equals |
| *= | Multiply equals |
| /= | Divide equals |
| %= | Modulo equals |
| &= | Bitwise AND equals |
| ^-= | Bitwise exclusive equals |
| |*= | Bitwise OR equals |
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| & | Bitwise AND |
| | | Bitwise OR |
| ^ | Bitwise exclusive OR |