A module allows you to logically organize your Python code. Grouping related code into a module makes the code easier to understand and use.
A module is a file that contains a collection of related functions. Python has lot of built-in modules; math module is one of them.
math module provides most of the familiar mathematical functions.
These include trigonometric functions, representation functions, logarithmic functions, angle conversion functions, etc.
Before we can use the functions in a module, we have to import it with an import statement:
import math
import math print("Pi: %f" % (math.pi)) print("e: %f" % (math.e))
Pi: 3.141593 e: 2.718282
ceil() and floor()
All of these functions are related to rounding. Ceil() always rounds upwards and floor() rounds downwards no matter what.
import math print(round(3.1)) print(round(3.6)) print(math.ceil(3.1)) print(math.floor(3.6))
3 4 4 3
This method is used to convert the natural logarithm of a given number. It can be calculated to the base e.
import math print("math.log(10.43):", math.log(10.43)) print("math.log(20):", math.log(20)) print("math.log(math.pi):", math.log(math.pi))
In the above Example, we are passing numeric values with different data types to the method. We have also calculated the natural logarithm of the pi constant.
math.log(10.43): 2.344686269012681 math.log(20): 2.995732273553991 math.log(math.pi): 1.1447298858494002
The math.log10() method returns the base-10 logarithm of the given number. It is called the standard logarithm.
import math x=13 # small value of of x print('log10(x) is :', math.log10(x))
log10(x) is : 1.1139433523068367
Function | Description |
---|---|
math.ceil(x) |
Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. |
math.fabs(x) |
Returns the absolute value of x. |
math.floor(x) |
Returns the largest number not greater that x. |
math.log(x) |
Finds the natural log of x (where, x > 0). |
math.log10(x) |
Finds the base 10 log of x (where, x > 0). |
max(x1, x2, ...) |
Returns the maximum value from the given values. |
min(x1, x2, ...) |
Returns the minimum value from the given values. |
math.pow(x, y) |
Returns x to the power of y i.e. xy. |
round(x, [,n]) |
Returns rounded value of x upto n decimal place. |
math.sqrt(x) |
Returns the square root of x. |
ceil: 4 fabs: 3.14 fabs: 3.14 floor: -4 log: 2.0794415416798357 log10: 0.9030899869919435 max: 5 min: 1 pow: 1024.0 round: 3 round: 3.14 sqrt: 2.0
Some of the most commonly used trigonometry functions in Python.
Function | Description |
---|---|
math.acos(x) |
Returns the arc cosine of x radian. |
math.asin(x) |
Returns the arc sine of x radian. |
math.atan(x) |
Returns the arc tangent of x radian. |
math.cos(x) |
Returns the cosine of x radian. |
math.sin(x) |
Returns the sine of x radian. |
math.tan(x) |
Returns the tangent of x radian. |
math.degrees(x) |
Convert x from radian to degree. |
math.radians(x) |
Convert x from degree to radian. |
acos: 1.0471975511965979 asin: 0.5235987755982989 atan: 0.4636476090008061 cos: 0.5000000001702586 sin: 0.4999999994818579 tan: 0.49999999999899236 degree: 179.99999692953102 radian: 3.141592653589793